Mitosis Results In Diploid Cells

xi.4: The Process of Meiosis - Comparison Meiosis and Mitosis

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Learning Objectives

Compare and dissimilarity mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis and meiosis are both forms of division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. They share some similarities, but also exhibit distinct differences that atomic number 82 to very unlike outcomes. The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction,while the purpose of meiosis is the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is a unmarried nuclear division that results in ii nuclei that are usually partitioned into ii new daughter cells. The nuclei resulting from a mitotic division are genetically identical to the original nucleus. They have the aforementioned number of sets of chromosomes, one set in the case of haploid cells and two sets in the case of diploid cells. In most plants and all animal species, information technology is typically diploid cells that undergo mitosis to class new diploid cells. In dissimilarity, meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions resulting in four nuclei that are unremarkably partitioned into four new haploid daughter cells. The nuclei resulting from meiosis are not genetically identical and they comprise 1 chromosome set up only. This is half the number of chromosome sets in the original prison cell, which is diploid.

Effigy \(\PageIndex{1}\): Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis: Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; even so, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four girl cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell.

The main differences between mitosis and meiosis occur in meiosis I. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosome pairs become associated with each other and are leap together with the synaptonemal complex. Chiasmata develop and crossover occurs between homologous chromosomes, which then line up along the metaphase plate in tetrads with kinetochore fibers from opposite spindle poles attached to each kinetochore of a homolog in a tetrad. All of these events occur only in meiosis I.

When the tetrad is broken up and the homologous chromosomes movement to opposite poles, the ploidy level is reduced from two to one. For this reason, meiosis I is referred to as a reduction division. There is no such reduction in ploidy level during mitosis.

Meiosis II is much more similar to a mitotic division. In this case, the duplicated chromosomes (but one set, as the homologous pairs take now been separated into 2 different cells) line up on the metaphase plate with divided kinetochores attached to kinetochore fibers from opposite poles. During anaphase II and mitotic anaphase, the kinetochores divide and sis chromatids, now referred to as chromosomes, are pulled to opposite poles. The two daughter cells of mitosis, however, are identical, different the girl cells produced by meiosis. They are different because there has been at least one crossover per chromosome. Meiosis 2 is not a reduction sectionalisation because, although in that location are fewer copies of the genome in the resulting cells, in that location is still one fix of chromosomes, as there was at the end of meiosis I. Meiosis II is, therefore, referred to as equatorial division.

Key Points

For the most part, in mitosis, diploid cells are partitioned into two new diploid cells, while in meiosis, diploid cells are partitioned into 4 new haploid cells.
In mitosis, the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes equally the parent jail cell, while in meiosis, the daughter cells have one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent.
The daughter cells produced by mitosis are identical, whereas the daughter cells produced past meiosis are different because crossing over has occurred.
The events that occur in meiosis but not mitosis include homologous chromosomes pairing up, crossing over, and lining upwards forth the metaphase plate in tetrads.
Meiosis Ii and mitosis are not reduction division like meiosis I because the number of chromosomes remains the aforementioned; therefore, meiosis II is referred to as equatorial division.
When the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles during meiosis I, the ploidy level is reduced from two to one, which is referred to as a reduction partition.

Key Terms

reduction segmentation: the get-go of the two divisions of meiosis, a type of prison cell division
ploidy: the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a jail cell
equatorial sectionalization: a process of nuclear segmentation in which each chromosome divides equally such that the number of chromosomes remains the same from parent to daughter cells

Contributions and Attributions

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OpenStax College, The Process of Meiosis. Oct 16, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44469/latest...e_11_01_01.jpg . License: CC By: Attribution
OpenStax Higher, The Procedure of Meiosis. October 16, 2013. Provided past: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44469/latest...e_11_01_03.jpg . License: CC By: Attribution
OpenStax College, The Procedure of Meiosis. October 16, 2013. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m44469/latest...e_11_01_05.jpg . License: CC By: Attribution
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Mitosis Results In Diploid Cells,

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